Sleep spindles are burstlike signals in the electroencephalogram (EEG) of the sleeping
mammalian brain and electrical surface correlates of neuronal oscillations in thalamus. As …

Transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) can modulate human neural activity and
behavior. Accordingly, tACS has vast potential for cognitive research and brain disorder …

In the past three decades, our understanding of brain–behavior relationships has been
significantly shaped by research using non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) techniques …

The coupled interaction between slow-wave oscillations and sleep spindles during non-
rapid-eye-movement (NREM) sleep has been proposed to support memory consolidation …

Attempts to enhance human memory and learning ability have a long tradition in science.
This topic has recently gained substantial attention because of the increasing percentage of …

Transcranial electric stimulation aims to stimulate the brain by applying weak electrical
currents at the scalp. However, the magnitude and spatial distribution of electric fields in the …

Sleep spindles are characteristic electroencephalogram (EEG) signatures of stage 2 non-
rapid eye movement sleep. Implicated in sleep regulation and cognitive functioning …

Brain activity during sleep is characterized by circuit-specific oscillations, including slow
waves, spindles and theta waves, which are nested in thalamocortical or hippocampal …

Sleep is pivotal for memory consolidation. According to two-stage accounts, memory traces
are gradually translocated from hippocampus to neocortex during non-rapid-eye-movement …

The memories that we retain can serve many functions. They guide our future actions, form a
scaffold for constructing the self, and continue to shape both the self and the way we …