Mucosal vaccines offer the potential to trigger robust protective immune responses at the
predominant sites of pathogen infection. In principle, the induction of adaptive immunity at …

Despite decades of surveillance and pharmaceutical and non-pharmaceutical interventions,
seasonal influenza viruses continue to cause epidemics around the world each year. The …

Background SARS-CoV-2 has caused millions of deaths, and, since Aug 11, 2020, 20
intramuscular COVID-19 vaccines have been approved for use. We aimed to evaluate the …

Influenza remains one of the major public health concerns because it causes annual
epidemics and can potentially instigate a global pandemic. Numerous countermeasures …

Although antiviral drugs and vaccines have reduced the economic and healthcare burdens
of influenza, influenza epidemics continue to take a toll. Over the past decade, research on …

Influenza virus infections pose a significant threat to public health due to annual seasonal
epidemics and occasional pandemics. Influenza is also associated with significant economic …

Influenza virus infection causes seasonal epidemics and occasional pandemics, leading to
huge morbidity and mortality worldwide. Vaccination against influenza is needed annually …

Influenza vaccines remain the most effective tools to prevent flu and its complications.
Trivalent or quadrivalent inactivated influenza vaccines primarily elicit antibodies towards …

IgA is the second most abundant antibody present in circulation and is enriched at mucosal
surfaces. As such, IgA plays a key role in protection against a variety of mucosal pathogens …

Persistent and durable immunological memory forms the basis of any successful vaccination
protocol. Generation of pre-existing memory B cell and T cell pools is thus the key for …