The coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic was caused by a positive sense single-
stranded RNA (ssRNA) severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) …

Air-transmitted pathogens may cause severe epidemics, posing considerable threats to
public health and safety. Wearing a face mask is one of the most effective ways to prevent …

SARS-CoV-2 encodes four structural proteins incorporated into virions, spike (S), envelope
(E), nucleocapsid (N), and membrane (M). M plays an essential role in viral assembly by …

The SARS-CoV-2 spreading rapidly has aroused catastrophic public healthcare issues and
economy crisis worldwide. It plays predominant role to rapidly and accurately diagnose the …

Abstract Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a contagious respiratory disease caused by the
SARS-CoV-2 virus. The clinical phenotypes are variable, ranging from spontaneous …

The nucleocapsid (N) protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 is
responsible for compaction of the∼ 30-kb RNA genome in the∼ 90-nm virion. Previous …

Throughout history, coronaviruses have posed challenges to both public health and the
global economy; nevertheless, methods to combat them remain rudimentary, primarily due …

The molecular mechanisms underlying SARS-CoV-2 host cell invasion and life cycle have
been studied extensively in recent years, with a primary focus on viral entry and …

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome CoronaVirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection triggers various
events from molecular to tissue level, which in turn is given by the intrinsic characteristics of …

Ever since its emergence in 2019, COVID-19 has rapidly disseminated worldwide,
engendering a pervasive pandemic that has profoundly impacted healthcare systems and …