Despite its position as the first-line drug for treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus, the
mechanisms underlying the plasma glucose level-lowering effects of metformin (1, 1 …

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy has garnered significant excitement due to
its success for hematological malignancies in clinical studies leading to the US Food and …

Many primary-tumor subregions have low levels of molecular oxygen, termed hypoxia.
Hypoxic tumors are at elevated risk for local failure and distant metastasis, but the molecular …

Cancer cells have upregulated glycolysis compared with normal cells, which has led many
to the assumption that oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) is downregulated in all cancers …

Metformin is a widely used drug in today's prescriptions by physicians due to its specific
effects in treating and curing type II diabetes. Diabetes is a common disease that may occur …

Over the past 15 years, there has been great interest in the potential to repurpose the
diabetes drug, metformin, as a cancer treatment. However, despite considerable efforts …

Albumin, a multifunctional protein, is widely used to prepare nanocarriers. Hyaluronic acid
(HA) is a natural glycosaminoglycan that can specifically bind receptors, such as cluster of …

Metformin is a drug from the biguanide family that is used for decades as the first-line
therapeutic choice for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Despite its worldwide …

Nowadays, photodynamic therapy (PDT) that employs photosensitizers (PSs) to generate
cytotoxic species under light irradiation for selective destruction of neoplastic lesions has …

Tumor hypoxia is known to be one of critical reasons that limit the efficacy of cancer
therapies, particularly photodynamic therapy (PDT) and radiotherapy (RT) in which oxygen …