Abstract Background Tobacco Heating Products (THPs) are tobacco products that heat
rather than burn tobacco with temperatures less than 350° C. Because of this operating …

Much of nutrition research has been conventionally based on the use of simplistic in vitro
systems or animal models, which have been extensively employed in an effort to better …

Despite efforts to eliminate smoking, more than 1 billion people worldwide continue to use
combustible cigarettes through choice or inability to quit. With an associated 8 million …

Cadmium is a prominent toxic heavy metal that contaminates both terrestrial and aquatic
environments. Owing to its high biological half-life and low excretion rates, cadmium causes …

With the use of in vitro new approach methodologies (NAMs) for the assessment of non-
combustible next-generation nicotine delivery products, new extrapolation methods will also …

Tobacco harm reduction (THR) involves providing adult smokers with potentially reduced
harm modes of nicotine delivery as alternatives to smoking combustible cigarettes. Heated …

Regulatory frameworks on tobacco and other nicotine-containing products (TNCP) continue
to evolve as novel products emerge, including electronic nicotine delivery systems (eg …

Inhalation is a critical route through which substances can exert adverse effects in humans;
therefore, it is important to characterize the potential effects that inhaled substances may …

In vitro toxicology research has accelerated with the use of in silico, computational
approaches and human in vitro tissue systems, facilitating major improvements evaluating …

In the absence of epidemiological data, there is a need to develop computational models
that convert in vitro findings to human disease risk predictions following toxicant exposure. In …