Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) was traditionally thought to be caused by
tobacco smoking. However, recognition of the importance of non-smoking-related risk …

Introduction The second leading cause of lung cancer is air pollution. Air pollution and
smoking are synergistic. Air pollution can worsen lung cancer survival. Methods The Early …

Background The association of air pollution with multiple adverse health outcomes is
becoming well established, but its negative economic impact is less well appreciated. It is …

As the two largest emerging emitters with the highest growth in operational carbon
emissions from residential buildings, the historical emission patterns and decarbonization …

Background Long-term exposure to ambient and household particulate matter (PM2. 5)
causes death and health loss, and both are the leading risk factor to global disease burden …

Aims To examine the incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and mortality in China and
in key subpopulations, and to estimate the population-level risks attributable to 12 common …

The chapter is divided into two main sections. The first section follows an integrative
approach in which hazards, exposure, vulnerability, impacts and risks are discussed …

Background Cooking practice has transitioned from use of solid fuels to use of clean fuels,
with addition of better ventilation facilities. However, the change in mortality risk associated …

Background Most studies of long-term exposure to outdoor fine particulate matter (PM 2· 5)
and cardiovascular disease are from high-income countries with relatively low PM 2· 5 …

The twofold novelty of the paper complements the debate about the health impacts of
multidimensional energy poverty. First, an adjusted multidimensional energy poverty index …