Background Accruing positron emission tomography (PET) studies have suggested that
dopaminergic functioning and metabolic changes are correlated with cognitive dysfunction …

Objectives Several cholinergic nuclei, and in particular the nucleus basalis of Meynert, are
localised to the substantia innominata in the basal forebrain. These nuclei provide major …

The dichotomized brain system is a concept that was generalized from the 'dual syndrome
hypothesis' to explain the heterogeneity of cognitive impairment, in which anterior and …

Many neurological patients suffer from memory loss. To date, pharmacological treatments for
memory disorders have limited and short-lasting effects. Therefore, researchers are …

Inefficient integration between bottom-up visual input and higher order visual processing
regions is implicated in visual hallucinations in Parkinson's disease (PD). Here, we …

Alzheimer′ s disease (AD) is associated with deterioration of memory and cognitive
function and a degeneration of neurons of the nucleus basalis of Meynert (NBM). The NBM …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by a range of motor symptoms. Besides the
cardinal symptoms (tremor, bradykinesia/akinesia, and rigidity), PD patients also show other …

Background Degeneration of the nucleus basalis of Meynert (NBM) and cortical cholinergic
dysfunction are hallmarks of Parkinson's disease dementia (PDD). There is no effective …

Alzheimer's disease (AD), known to be a leading cause of dementia that causes heavy
social and financial burdens worldwide, is characterized by progressive loss of neurons and …

Acetylcholine is critically involved in modulating learning and memory function, which both
decline in neurodegeneration. It remains unclear to what extent structural and functional …