Historically, multiple sclerosis (MS) has been viewed as being primarily driven by T cells.
However, the effective use of anti-CD20 treatment now also reveals an important role for B …

Deep learning algorithms have been utilized to achieve enhanced performance in pattern-
recognition tasks. The ability to learn complex patterns in data has tremendous implications …

Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune disease that is caused by the interplay of genetic,
particularly the HLA-DR15 haplotype, and environmental risk factors. How these etiologic …

Clinical, pathological, and imaging evidence in multiple sclerosis (MS) suggests that a
smoldering inflammatory activity is present from the earliest stages of the disease and …

Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (aHSCT) is a highly effective treatment
of multiple sclerosis (MS). It depletes autoreactive cells and subsequently renews adaptive …

Background T cells play a key role in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS), a chronic,
inflammatory, demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS). Although several …

Human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) are ancient retroviral DNA sequences
established into germline. They contain regulatory elements and encoded proteins few of …

Natalizumab (NTZ) and autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (AHSCT) are
two successful treatments for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS), an autoimmune …

T-cell receptor (TCR) repertoire diversity is a determining factor for the immune system
capability in fighting infections and preventing autoimmunity. During life, the TCR repertoire …

Cells of the adaptive and innate immune systems in the brain parenchyma and in the
meningeal spaces contribute to physiologic functions and disease states in the central …