Gli proteins are transcriptional effectors of the Hedgehog signaling pathway. They play key
roles in the development of many organs and tissues, and are deregulated in birth defects …

The hedgehog (Hh) family comprises sonic hedgehog (Shh), Indian hedgehog (Ihh), and
desert hedgehog (Dhh), which are versatile signaling molecules involved in a wide …

We carried out whole genome resequencing of 127 chicken including red jungle fowl and
multiple populations of commercial broilers and layers to perform a systematic screening of …

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a highly aggressive tumor and the
sixth most common cancer worldwide. Current treatment strategies for HNSCC are surgery …

Polydactyly or polydactylism, also known as a hyperdactyly, is a congenital limb defect with
various morphologic phenotypes. Apart from physical and functional impairments, the …

The vertebrate limb continues to serve as an influential model of growth, morphogenesis
and pattern formation. With this Review, we aim to give an up-to-date picture of how a …

The hindlimb and external genitalia of present-day tetrapods are thought to derive from an
ancestral common primordium that evolved to generate a wide diversity of structures …

Highlights•Division of labour is widespread in unicellular and multicellular bacteria.•
Actinomycetes vary enormously in reproductive and metabolic divisions of labour.•Division …

Development of vertebrate jaws involves patterning neural crest-derived mesenchyme cells
into distinct subpopulations along the proximal-distal and oral-aboral axes. Although the …

With over 18,000 species, the Acanthomorpha, or spiny-rayed fishes, form the largest and
arguably most diverse radiation of vertebrates. One of the key novelties that contributed to …