Over the last decade or so, a large number of studies have investigated the possible
adverse effects of ambient air pollution on birth outcomes. We reviewed these studies, which …

This paper will review the epidemiology of the impact of cigarette smoking and other forms of
tobacco exposure on human development. Sources of exposure described include …

Background Intrauterine exposure to tobacco smoke has been discerned as an important
risk factor for low birth weight (LBW), small for gestational age (SGA), and preterm birth …

The objective of this study was to examine the associations between active and passive
smoking in different periods of pregnancy and changing smoking habits during pregnancy …

Objective: To determine the effects of environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure on birth
outcomes. Design: A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed in accordance …

During the previous two decades smoking among pregnant women in the developed world
declined by about 60–75%. Nevertheless, prenatal smoking remains a common habit and …

Background Meta-analyses of studies investigating the impact of maternal environmental
tobacco smoke (ETS) on birth weight have not produced robust findings. Although, ante …

OBJECTIVES. In a population-based case-control study, we investigated the association
between congenital heart defects and maternal smoking. METHODS. The National Birth …

Objectives: Adverse effects have been reported of prenatal and/or postnatal passive
exposure to smoking on children's health. Uncertainties remain about the relative …

We evaluated the relation between term low birth weight (LBW) and ambient air levels of
carbon monoxide (CO), particulate matter up to 10 microm in diameter (PM (10)), and sulfur …