The gastrointestinal tract contains its own set of intrinsic neuroglial circuits—the enteric
nervous system (ENS)—which detects and responds to diverse signals from the …

CXC motif chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) is associated with normal and abnormal
development, including oncogenesis. The ligand of CXCR4 is stromal cell-derived factor …

Nanomaterials are widespread in the human environment as pollutants, and are being
actively developed for use in human medicine. We have investigated how the size and dose …

Neural crest cells (NCCs) are vertebrate stem cells that give rise to various cell types
throughout the developing body in early life. Here, we utilized single-cell transcriptomic …

Collective cell migration is the coordinated movement emerging from the interaction of at
least two cells. In multicellular organisms, collective cell migration is ubiquitous. During …

Neural crest (NC) cells were described for the first time in 1868 by Wilhelm His. Since then,
this amazing population of migratory stem cells has been intensively studied. It took a …

Neural crest stem cells arising from caudal hindbrain (often called cardiac and posterior
vagal neural crest) migrate long distances to form cell types as diverse as heart muscle and …

Schizophrenia (SZ) is a pervasive neurodevelopmental disorder that entails social and
cognitive deficits, including marked language problems. Its complex multifactorial …

When migrating in vivo, cells are exposed to numerous conflicting signals: chemokines,
repellents, extracellular matrix, growth factors. The roles of several of these molecules have …

Proper craniofacial development in vertebrates depends on growth and fusion of the facial
processes during embryogenesis. Failure of any step in this process could lead to …