Nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) inhibit the enzyme cyclooxygenase (COX),
which forms prostaglandins involved in pain and inflammation. COX inhibitors have …

Breast cancer (BC) is mostly observed in women and is responsible for huge mortality in
women subjects globally. Due to the continued development of drug resistance and other …

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) s relieve pain, inflammation, and fever by
inhibiting the activity of cyclooxygenase isozymes (COX-1 and COX-2). Despite their clinical …

Epidemiology is the study of the distribution and determinants of disease in human
populations. Over the past decade there has been considerable progress in our …

Guidelines for clinical practice are intended to indicate preferred approaches to medical
problems as established by scientifically valid research. Double-blind, placebo-controlled …

Background Each year, clinical upper gastrointestinal events occur in 2 to 4 percent of
patients who are taking nonselective nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). We …

ContextConventional nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are associated with a
spectrum of toxic effects, notably gastrointestinal (GI) effects, because of inhibition of …

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) represent one of the most highly utilized
classes of pharmaceutical agents in medicine. All NSAIDs act through inhibiting …

Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are widely used to treat arthritis, menstrual
pain, and headache. Although they are effective, their long-term use is limited by …

Background There are several guidelines addressing the issues around the use of NSAIDs.
However, none has specifically addressed the upper versus lower gastrointestinal (GI) risk …