Bipolar disorders (BD) represent a severe leading disabling mental condition worldwide
characterized by episodic and often progressive mood fluctuations with manic and …

Hypertension is a worldwide problem with major impacts on health including morbidity and
mortality, as well as consumption of health care resources. Nearly 50% of American adults …

Acute central nervous system (CNS) injuries, including stroke, traumatic brain injury (TBI),
and spinal cord injury (SCI), are the common causes of death or lifelong disabilities …

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating and disabling medical condition generally caused
by a traumatic event (primary injury). This initial trauma is accompanied by a set of biological …

Traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) elicits an acute inflammatory response which comprises
numerous cell populations. It is driven by the immediate response of macrophages and …

Introduction Spinal cord injury (SCI) affects 25,000–50,000 people around the world each
year and there is no cure for SCI patients currently. The primary injury damages spinal cord …

The majority of research on the long-term effects of spinal cord injury (SCI) has primarily
focused on neuropathic pain (NP), psychological issues, and sensorimotor impairments …

Abnormal brain–gut interaction is considered the core pathological mechanism behind the
disorders of gut–brain interaction (DGBI), in which the intestinal microbiota plays an …

Degenerative cervical myelopathy (DCM) describes a spectrum of disorders that cause
progressive and chronic cervical spinal cord compression. The clinical presentation can be …

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a neuropsychiatric disorder. Approximately,
around 2% to 3% percent of the general population experience symptoms of OCD over the …