Being one of the main proteins in the human body and many animal species, albumin plays
a decisive role in the transport of various ions—electrically neutral and charged molecules …

Numerous studies have demonstrated that endothelial cells are capable of undergoing
endothelial to mesenchymal transition (EndMT), a newly recognized type of cellular …

Endothelial tight junctions (TJs) regulate the transport of water, ions, and molecules through
the paracellular pathway, serving as an important barrier in blood vessels and maintaining …

Endothelial cells that line the inner walls of blood vessels are in direct contact with blood
and display remarkable heterogeneity in their response to exogenous stimuli. These ECs …

Aims/hypothesis The pathophysiology of diabetic retinopathy is linked to hyperglycaemia
and its effect on retinal microvascular tissues. The resulting endothelial injury changes the …

Diabetic kidney disease, commonly termed diabetic nephropathy (DN), is the most common
cause of end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) worldwide. The characteristic histopathology of …

During the last decade, the endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) process has
attracted considerable attention due to associations with the onset of certain diseases, such …

Renal fibrosis is an important pathological feature of diabetic kidney disease (DKD),
manifested as tubular interstitial fibrosis, tubular atrophy, glomerulosclerosis and damage to …

Diabetes and diabetic complications are considered as leading causes of both morbidity
and mortality in the world. Unfortunately, routine medical treatments used for affected …

As a first-line treatment for diabetes, the insulin-sensitizing biguanide, metformin, regulates
glucose levels and positively affects cardiovascular function in patients with diabetes and …