This review presents an overview of cardiac A2A-adenosine receptors The localization of
A2A-AR in the various cell types that encompass the heart and the role they play in force …

T cell suppression contributes to immune dysfunction in sepsis. However, the underlying
mechanisms are not well-defined. Here, we show that exposure of human peripheral blood …

An exacerbated immune response is one of the main causes of influenza-induced lung
damage during infection. The molecular mechanisms regulating the fate of the initial …

ATP released into the bloodstream regulates immune responses and other physiological
functions. Excessive accumulation of extracellular ATP interferes with these functions, and …

This study sought to examine the co-expression of the following purinergic receptor
subunits: P2X1, P2X1del, P2X4, and P2X7 and characterize the P2X response in human …

Purinergic signaling system plays a pivotal role in the trigeminal ganglion (TG) which is a
primary sensory tissue in vertebrate nervous systems involving orofacial nociception and …

Resistance physical exercise has neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects on many
known diseases and, therefore, it has been increasingly explored. The way in which this …

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) are released
as danger signals from cells during infection and sterile inflammation. In the extracellular …

Interaction between autoreactive immune cells and astroglia is an important part of the
pathologic processes that fuel neurodegeneration in multiple sclerosis. In this inflammatory …

Extracellular ATP activates inflammasome and triggers the release of multiple cytokines in
various immune cells, a process primarily mediated by P2X7 receptors. However, the …