The current unidimensional paradigm of kidney disease detection is incompatible with the
complexity and heterogeneity of renal pathology. The diagnosis of kidney disease has …

Sodium retention and edema are hallmarks of nephrotic syndrome (NS). Different
experimental rodent models have been established for simulating NS, however, not all of …

Idiopathic membranous nephropathy (IMN) is an organ-specific autoimmune disease of the
kidney glomerulus. It may gradually progress to end-stage renal disease (ESRD) …

There have been extensive studies on the immunological mechanism of primary
membranous nephropathy (PMN). Autoantibodies, being the end product of humoral auto …

Primary membranous nephropathy (PMN) is one of the common causes of adult-onset
nephrotic syndrome and is characterized by autoantibodies against podocyte antigens …

Abstract Ethnopharmacological relevance Danggui-Shaoyao-San (DSS), a well-known
classic Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula for enhancing Qi (vital energy and …

Hepatocellular carcinoma is a common malignant tumor with high mortality. Its malignant
proliferation, invasion, and metastasis are closely related to the cellular immune function of …

Background Although thunder god vine (Tripterygium wilfordii) has been widely used for
treatment of idiopathic membranous nephropathy (IMN), the pharmacological mechanisms …

Background Nephrotic syndrome (NS) in children is widely believed to be associated with
severe changes in the immune system. Based on lymphocyte subset analysis, we examined …

Background: The pathogenesis of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS) has not been fully
explained. Among the likely factors, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) is considered. We …