Noradrenergic and cholinergic systems are among the most vulnerable brain systems in
neuropsychiatric diseases of ageing, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease …

Background Dysfunction of the locus coeruleus-noradrenergic system occurs early in
Alzheimer's disease, contributing to cognitive and neuropsychiatric symptoms in some …

The locus coeruleus (LC) is a small brainstem structure located in the lower pons and is the
main source of noradrenaline (NA) in the brain. Via its phasic and tonic firing, it modulates …

Apathy is a disabling syndrome associated with poor functional outcomes that is common
across a broad range of neurological and psychiatric conditions. Currently, there are no …

Background Degeneration of the locus coeruleus (LC) noradrenergic system contributes to
clinical symptoms in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). Diffusion …

Degeneration of the noradrenergic system is now considered a pathological hallmark of
Parkinson's disease, but little is known about its consequences in terms of parkinsonian …

Apathy is commonly defined as a loss of motivation leading to a reduction in goal-directed
behaviors. This multidimensional syndrome, which includes cognitive, emotional and …

Hyperphosphorylated tau in the locus coeruleus (LC) is ubiquitous in prodromal Alzheimer's
disease (AD), and LC neurons degenerate as AD progresses. Hyperphosphorylated tau …

In addition to memory deficits and other cognitive disturbances, patients with Alzheimer's
disease (AD) experience neuropsychiatric symptoms, notably apathy, which is a state of …

Apathy is a common and disabling complication of Parkinson's disease characterized by
reduced goal-directed behaviour. Several studies have reported dysfunction within …