Given the high prevalence of individuals diagnosed with substance use disorder, along with
the elevated rate of relapse following treatment initiation, investigating novel approaches …

Mesoaccumbens dopamine (DA) is involved in the stress response. Although neural
mechanisms involved in stress are of paramount importance for both clinical and preclinical …

The mesolimbic dopaminergic (ML-DA) system has been recognized for its central role in
motivated behaviors, various types of reward, and, more recently, in cognitive processes …

Work over the past decade has supported the idea that discrete aspects of appetitive
motivation are differentially mediated by separate but interacting neurochemical systems …

Overcoming aversive emotional memories requires neural systems that detect when fear
responses are no longer appropriate so that they can be extinguished. The midbrain ventral …

Cocoa powder and chocolate contain numerous substances among which there is a quite
large percentage of antioxidant molecules, mainly flavonoids, most abundantly found in the …

The rat prelimbic prefrontal cortex and nucleus accumbens core are critical for initiating
cocaine seeking. In contrast, the neural circuitry responsible for inhibiting cocaine seeking …

To benefit from opportunities and cope with challenges in the environment, animals must
adapt their behavior to acquire rewards and to avoid punishments. Maladaptive changes in …

Most drugs of abuse increase dopamine (DA) in the nucleus accumbens (NAc), and do so
every time as a pharmacological response. Palatable food also releases accumbens-shell …

Drug addiction manifests as a compulsive drive to take a drug despite serious adverse
consequences. This aberrant behaviour has traditionally been viewed as bad'choices' that …