Strong epidemiological evidence now exists that sex is an important biologic variable in
immunity. Recent studies, for example, have revealed that sex differences are associated …

Sexual dimorphism is a key factor to consider in the ageing process given the impact that it
has on life expectancy. The oxidative-inflammatory theory of ageing states that the ageing …

Background: Sex differences have been demonstrated in the acute phase of coronavirus
disease 2019 (COVID-19). Women (F) were found to be less prone to develop a severe …

Background: The adverse events reported from the COVID-19 mRNA vaccines have varied
from very mild, such as pain near the vaccination site, to more severe, with occasional …

Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) is a disease with high morbidity and mortality, which
has sex-related differences in prognosis and immunotherapy efficacy. However, the …

Biological sex, being female or male, broadly influences diverse immune phenotypes,
including immune responses to diseases at mucosal surfaces. Sex hormones, sex …

A male sex bias has emerged in the COVID-19 pandemic, fitting to the sex-biased pattern in
other viral infections. Males are 2.84 times more often admitted to the ICU and mortality is …

Systemic and mucosal humoral immune responses are crucial to fight respiratory viral
infections in the current pandemic of COVID-19 caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. During …

The immune system protects us from pathogens, such as viruses. Antiviral immune
mechanisms aim to limit viral replication, and must maintain immunological homeostasis to …

A few studies examined the comparative side effects of Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19)
vaccines. We compared the extension and severity of self-reported side effects of seven …