Maintaining blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity is crucial for the homeostasis of the central
nervous system. Structurally comprising the BBB, brain endothelial cells interact with …

Ischemic stroke after cerebral artery occlusion is one of the major causes of chronic disability
worldwide. Interleukins (ILs) play a bidirectional role in ischemic stroke through information …

Local ischemia often causes a series of inflammatory reactions when both brain immune
cells and the peripheral immune response are activated. In the human body, the gut and …

Aims Ischemic stroke is one of the leading causes of death worldwide and the most common
cause of disability in Western countries. Multiple mechanisms contribute to the development …

Electroacupuncture (EA) and induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived small
extracellular vesicles (iPSC-EVs) have substantial beneficial effects on ischemic stroke …

Ischemic stroke is a leading cause of disability and mortality. Despite extensive efforts in
stroke research, the only pharmacological treatment currently available is arterial …

Regulatory T cells (Treg) are known to be critical for the maintenance of immune
homeostasis by suppressing the activation of auto-or allo-reactive effector T cells through a …

Both astrocytic and microglial functions have been extensively investigated in healthy
subjects and neurodegenerative diseases. For astrocytes, not only various sub-types were …

Microglia play key roles in the post‐ischemic inflammatory response and damaged tissue
removal reacting rapidly to the disturbances caused by ischemia and working to restore the …

Located in the frontline against the largest population of microbiota, the intestinal mucosa of
mammals has evolved to become an effective immune system. γδ T cells, a unique T cell …