Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and Cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) are major
factors contributing to the metastasis of cancer cells. Consequently, the signaling pathways …

Despite the success of targeted therapies in cancer treatment, therapy-induced resistance
remains a major obstacle to a complete cure. Tumor cells evade treatments and relapse via …

Abstract PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway is one of the most important signaling pathways involved
in normal cellular processes. Its aberrant activation modulates autophagy, epithelial …

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic progressive fibrotic interstitial pneumonia
with unknown causes. The incidence rate increases year by year and the prognosis is poor …

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the most severe complications of diabetes. However,
due to its complex pathological mechanisms, no effective therapeutic methods (other than …

Conventional cancer treatments have shown several unfavourable adverse effects, as well
as an increase in anticancer drug resistance, which worsens the impending cancer therapy …

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Although the
PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway has recently been considered as one of the most altered …

Diabetic nephropathy is one of the most common complications in diabetes. It has been
shown to be the leading cause of end-stage renal disease. However, due to their complex …

Autophagy is a highly conserved catabolic process that mediates degradation of pernicious
or dysfunctional cellular components, such as invasive pathogens, senescent proteins, and …

Metastasis consists of hallmark events, including Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT),
angiogenesis, initiation of inflammatory tumor microenvironment, and malfunctions in …