End-stage renal disease (ESRD) is associated with significantly increased morbidity and
mortality resulting from cardiovascular disease (CVD) and infections, accounting for 50 …

Nucleic acid sensors, primarily TLR and RLR family members, as well as cGAS–STING
signalling, play a critical role in the preservation of cellular and organismal homeostasis …

TLR4 is the receptor for LPS and plays a critical role in innate immunity. Stimulation of TLR4
activates proinflammatory pathways and induces cytokine expression in a variety of cell …

Rheumatoid arthritis is characterised by pain, swelling, and destruction of joints, with
resultant disability. Only disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs can interfere with the …

Recent years have seen considerable advances in our understanding of both the clinical
and basic-research aspects of rheumatoid arthritis. Clinical progress has come from a better …

To identify the molecular basis underlying the functions of tumor-associated macrophages
(TAMs), we characterized the gene expression profile of TAMs isolated from a murine …

Background—Stroke is the second to third leading cause of death. Toll-like receptor 4
(TLR4) is a signaling receptor in innate immunity that is a specific immunologic response to …

The zebrafish genomic sequence database was analysed for the presence of genes
encoding members of the Toll-like receptors (TLR) and interleukin receptors (IL-R) and …

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play key roles in activating immune responses during infection.
The human TLR3 ectodomain structure at 2.1 angstroms reveals a large horseshoe-shaped …

OBJECTIVE—Tall-like receptor (TLR) 4 has been implicated in the pathogenesis of free fatty
acid (FFA)-induced insulin resistance by activating inflammatory pathways, including …