Seed dispersal is a fundamental life history trait in plants. Although the recent surge of
interest in seed dispersal by ants (myrmecochory) has added greatly to knowledge on the …

Euphorbiaceae is among the large flowering plant families consisting of a wide variety of
vegetative forms some of which are plants of great importance. Its classification and …

Friedman WE, RC Moore, and MD Purugganan. 2004. The evolution of plant development.
Am. J. Bot. 91: 1726–1741. Friis EM, PR Crane, and KP Pedersen. 1997. Fossil history of …

Savannas first began to spread across Africa during the Miocene. A major hypothesis for
explaining this vegetation change is the increase in C4 grasses, promoting fire. We …

The eudicot order Malpighiales contains∼ 16000 species and is the most poorly resolved
large rosid clade. To clarify phylogenetic relationships in the order, we used maximum …

Monoecious or dioecious trees, shrubs, or herbs, sometimes succulent or scandent; stems
with or without laticifers; indumentum simple, malphighiaceous, stellate, or lepidote …

Euphorbia is among the largest genera of angiosperms, with about 2000 species that are
renowned for their remarkably diverse growth forms. To clarify phylogenetic relationships in …

Parsimony, likelihood, and Bayesian analyses of nuclear ITS and plastid trnL‐F DNA
sequence data are presented for the giant genus Croton (Euphorbiaceae ss) and related …

Late Pleistocene ice-age climates are routinely characterized as having imposed moisture
stress on low-to mid-latitude ecosystems,,,–. This idea is largely based on fossil pollen …

Abstract Background The castor bean (Ricinus communis L.), a monotypic species in the
spurge family (Euphorbiaceae, 2n= 20), is an important non-edible oilseed crop widely …