The high global prevalence of iodine deficiency and autoimmune thyroid disorders and the
mental and physical consequences of these disorders creates a huge human and economic …

Objective To evaluate the peer-reviewed literature on hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, and
thyroid autoimmunity in pregnancy. Methods We review published studies on thyroid …

Background: Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) commonly affects women of child-bearing age.
During normal pregnancy, several factors may have a stimulatory effect on normal and …

Thyroid hormones are important regulators of foetal development, and in recent years, there
has been much focus on the screening and treatment of pregnant women for even small …

Recently, the recommended dose for iodine intake during pregnancy had been increased
from 200 to 250 μg/day, because recent studies revealed that even mild-to-moderate iodine …

It has long been recognized that maternal thyroid hormone excess or deficiency can
influence the outcome for mother and fetus at all stages of pregnancy, as well as interfere …

Abstract Introduction Women of South Asian ethnicity are overrepresented in adverse
pregnancy outcomes across high-income countries, including placental dysfunction and …

Iodine is a trace element essential for synthesis of the thyroid hormones, triiodothyronine
and thyroxine. These hormones play a vital role in the early growth and development stages …

Objectives Correct interpretation of thyroid status during pregnancy is vital to secure fetal
development. Pregnancy-related changes in maternal thyroid status necessitate the use of …

While there is agreement that overt maternal hypothyroidism (serum thyroid stimulating
hormone (TSH)> 10 mIU/L) should be treated immediately, the evidence is mixed regarding …