Since the introduction of penicillin, β-lactam antibiotics have been the antimicrobial agents
of choice. Unfortunately, the efficacy of these life-saving antibiotics is significantly threatened …

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is intrinsically resistant to a variety of antimicrobials and can
develop resistance during anti-pseudomonal chemotherapy both of which compromise …

Klebsiella pneumoniae strain 11978 was isolated in Turkey in 2001 and was found to be
resistant to all β-lactams, including carbapenems. Cloning and expression in Escherichia …

The gram-negative coccobacillus acinetobacter, a pathogen once seen only in hot, humid
climates, has become an increasingly common nosocomial problem even in temperate …

Abstract β-lactams have a long history in the treatment of infectious diseases, though their
use has been and continues to be confounded by the development of resistance in target …

ABSTRACT Metallo-β-lactamases (MBLs) have been increasingly recognized from clinical
isolates worldwide, but the laboratory detection of these strains is not well defined. We report …

In gram-negative bacteria, beta-lactamases are the most important mechanism of resistance
to beta-lactam antibiotics. Currently, the beta-lactamases receiving the most attention are the …

Carbapenemases are β-lactamases that hydrolyze most β-lactams including carbapenems.
Carbapenemases are classified in four molecular classes; those belonging to class A are …

Acinetobacter spp. are Gram-negative bacteria that have become one of the most difficult
pathogens to treat. The species A. baumannii, largely unknown 30 years ago, has risen to …

Carbapenem-hydrolyzing oxacillinases are reported increasingly in Acinetobacter
baumannii. Since they hydrolyze carbapenems at low levels, the roles of carbapenem …