Abstract 3D-printed orthopaedic devices and surgical tools, printed maxillofacial implants
and other printed acellular devices have been used in patients. By contrast, bioprinted living …

Humans and animals lose tissues and organs due to congenital defects, trauma, and
diseases. The human body has a low regenerative potential as opposed to the urodele …

Basic experimental stem cell research has opened up the possibility of many diverse clinical
applications; however, translation to clinical trials has been restricted to only a few diseases …

Executive summary In this Commission, we argue that a combination of poor quality science,
unclear funding models, unrealistic hopes, and unscrupulous private clinics threatens …

Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) can self-renew indefinitely in culture and differentiate
into all specialized cell types including gametes. iPSCs do not exist naturally and are …

Neural stem cells (NSCs), with the capability of self‐renewal, differentiation, and
environment modulation, are considered promising for stroke, brain injury therapy, and …

Tremendous advances in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine have revealed the
potential of fabricating biomaterials to solve the dilemma of bone and articular defects by …

Compelling evidence from experimental animal disease models and early-phase clinical
trials identifies the transplantation of neural progenitor/stem cells (NSCs) as a viable path …

While wound therapy remains a clinical challenge in current medical practice, much effort
has focused on developing biological therapeutic approaches. This paper presents a …

Human pluripotent embryonic stem cells have two special features: self-renewal and
pluripotency. It is important to understand the properties of pluripotent stem cells and …