Genetic instability of tumor cells often leads to the occurrence of a large number of
mutations, and expression of non-synonymous mutations can produce tumor-specific …

A malignant tumor is not merely an accumulation of neoplastic cells, but constitutes a
microenvironment containing endothelial cells, fibroblasts, structural components, and …

Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy has achieved breakthroughs in the treatment of
advanced non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Nevertheless, the low response due to …

Five-year survival rates for non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) range from 14% to 49% for
stage I to stage IIIA disease, and are< 5% for stage IIIB/IV disease. Improvements have been …

Background: Immune infiltration of the tumor microenvironment has been associated with
improved survival for some patients with solid tumors. The precise makeup and prognostic …

Acquired resistance inevitably limits the curative effects of epidermal growth factor receptor
tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs), which represent the classical paradigm of molecular …

Lung cancer is a complex disease composed of diverse histological and molecular types
with clinical relevance. The advent of large-scale molecular profiling has been helpful to …

Regulatory T (Treg) cells maintain immune homeostasis by inhibiting abnormal/overactive
immune responses to both autogenic and nonautogenic antigens. Treg cells play an …

Immunotherapy targeting the PD-L1/PD-1 axis has recently shown spectacular efficacy and
promise for the future of patients with metastatic lung cancer. In the setting of second-line …

Cancer immunotherapy has achieved remarkable clinical efficacy through recent advances
such as chimeric antigen receptor‐T cell (CAR‐T) therapy, immune checkpoint blockade …