Iodine deficiency has multiple adverse effects in humans, termed iodine deficiency
disorders, due to inadequate thyroid hormone production. Globally, it is estimated that 2 …

This review focuses on the current knowledge of the effects of thyroid hormones on central
nervous system differentiation and development in animals and the human fetal brain. The …

Maternal thyroid hormone crosses the placenta to the fetus beginning in the first trimester,
likely playing an important role in fetal development. The fetal thyroid gland begins to …

Importance Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) has multifactorial etiology and long-term
adverse consequences. An umbrella review enables the evaluation of multiple proposed …

Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is an important cause of childhood blindness globally, and
the incidence is rising. The disease is characterized by initial arrested retinal vascularization …

Background Cerebral palsy is an umbrella term that encompasses disorders of movement
and posture attributed to non‐progressive disturbances occurring in the developing foetal or …

Background and Objective Nonthyroidal Illness Syndrome (NTIS) occurs in approximately
70% of patients admitted to Intensive Care Units (ICU) s and has been associated with …

During the functional ontogenesis of the thyroid gland an increasing number of transcription
factors play fundamental roles in thyroid-cell differentiation, maintenance of the differentiated …

Context: Thyroid hormone therapy to enhance weight loss in obesity during caloric
deprivation and to improve morbidity and mortality in adults with nonthyroidal illnesses …

Transient congenital hypothyroidism (CH) refers to a temporary deficiency of thyroid
hormone identified after birth, with low thyroxine (T4) and elevated thyrotropin (TSH), which …