Growing evidence suggests that reward prospect promotes cognitive stability in terms of
increased context or cue maintenance. In 3 Experiments, using different versions of the AX …

Cognitive effort is costly and this cost likely influences the activities in which children
engage. Yet, little is known about how school‐age children perceive cognitive effort. The …

Human behavior is more strongly driven by the motivation to avoid losses than to pursue
gains (loss aversion). However, there is little research on how losses influence the …

Attending to emotional stimuli is often beneficial, because they provide important social and
environmental cues. Sometimes, however, current goals require that we ignore them. To …

Cognitive control refers to the intentional selection of thoughts, emotions, and behaviors
based on current task demands and social context, and the concomitant suppression of …

Classic theories emphasized the role of expectations in the intentional control of attention
and action. However, recent theorizing has implicated experience-dependent, online …

Two experiments examined individual differences in lapses of sustained attention.
Participants performed variants of the psychomotor vigilance task while pupillary responses …

Second language (L2) learning has been promoted as a promising intervention to stave off
age-related cognitive decline. While previous studies based on mean trends showed …

The locus coeruleus is critical for selective information processing by modulating the brain's
connectivity configuration. Increasingly, studies have suggested that LC controls sensory …

Motivation improves performance, pushing us beyond our normal limits. One general
explanation for this is that the effects of neural noise can be reduced, at a cost. If this were …