This review is directed at understanding how neuronal death occurs in two distinct insults,
global ischemia and focal ischemia. These are the two principal rodent models for human …

This review deals with the permeability transition (PT) of isolated mitochondria, a field
spawned at the very beginning of mitochondrial research by the observation that the …

Ascorbic acid (vitamin C) occurs physiologically as the ascorbate anion: a water-soluble
antioxidant that is found throughout the body. However, despite the high, homeostatically …

One of the vital roles of ascorbic acid (vitamin C) is to act as an antioxidant to protect cellular
components from free radical damage. Ascorbic acid has been shown to scavenge free …

Oxidative stress has been established as a well-known pathological condition in several
neurovascular diseases. It starts with increased production of highly oxidizing free-radicals …

The roles of enzymatic antioxidant defenses in the natural tolerance of environmental
stresses that impose changes in oxygen availability and oxygen consumption on animals is …

Partially reduced forms of oxygen are produced in the brain during cellular respiration and,
at accelerated rates, during brain insults. The most reactive forms, such as the hydroxyl …

Compartmentalization of brain ascorbate and glutathione between neurons and glia has
been a source of controversy. To address this question, we determined the ascorbate and …

Previous research has established that 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE), a highly toxic product of
lipid peroxidation, is a potent inhibitor of mitochondrial respiration. HNE exerts its effects on …

Neurons are metabolically active cells that generally are dependent on mitochondrial A TP
production to meet their energetic needs. In contrast, other cell types with a high energy …