Depression is a common and serious disorder, characterized by symptoms like anhedonia,
lack of energy, sad mood, low appetite, and sleep disturbances. This disease is very …

Hypertension is a worldwide problem with major impacts on health including morbidity and
mortality, as well as consumption of health care resources. Nearly 50% of American adults …

One of the leading global public-health burdens is metabolic syndrome (MetS), despite the
many advances in pharmacotherapies. MetS, now known as “developmental origins of …

The leakage of the intestinal barrier and the disruption of the gut microbiome are
increasingly recognized as key factors in different pathophysiological conditions, such as …

The gut–kidney interaction implicating chronic kidney disease (CKD) has been the focus of
increasing interest in recent years. Gut microbiota-targeted therapies could prevent CKD …

Depression is a common mental illness, which is related to monoamine neurotransmitters
and the dysfunction of the cholinergic, immune, glutamatergic, and neuroendocrine systems …

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) can originate from early life. Accumulating evidence
suggests that gut microbiota in early life is linked to CVDs in later life. Gut microbiota …

Maternal chronic kidney disease (CKD) is linked to offspring hypertension. The gut
microbiome and its tryptophan metabolites, nitric oxide (NO), and renin–angiotensin system …

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) plays a decisive role in kidney health and disease. H2S can ben
synthesized via enzymatic and non-enzymatic pathways, as well as gut microbial origins …

Hyperuricemia (HUA) is closely associated with kidney damage and kidney diseases in
humans; however, the underlying mechanisms of HUA-induced kidney diseases remain …