Background Infant acute pain and distress is commonplace. Infancy is a period of
exponential development. Unrelieved pain and distress can have implications across the …

Background Pain in the neonate is associated with acute behavioural and physiological
changes. Cumulative pain is associated with morbidities, including adverse …

Infants born preterm are at a high risk for repeated pain exposure in early life. Despite valid
tools to assess pain in non-verbal infants and effective interventions to reduce pain …

Premature infants hospitalized after birth are exposed to repeated painful procedures as part
of their routine medical care. Early neonatal exposure to unmanaged pain has been linked …

To provide an updated synthesis of the current state of the evidence for the effectiveness of
breast-feeding and expressed breast milk feeding in reducing procedural pain in preterm …

Introduction: Parents' active involvement during painful procedures is considered a critical
first step in improving neonatal pain practices. Of the non-pharmacological approaches in …

Background Orogastric tube feeding is used to support the nutrition of preterm infants.
Although nonpharmacological methods are effective in reducing the pain caused by …

Purpose Invasive intervention can negatively affect prognosis, behavior, environmental
adaptation in neonates. Some nonpharmacological pain management methods are used for …

Neonates do experience pain and its management is necessary in order to prevent long-
term, as well as, short-term effects. The most common source of pain in the neonatal …

Nonpharmacologic Management of Pain During Common Needle Puncture Procedures in
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