The entomology literature has historically suggested insects cannot feel pain, leading to
their exclusion from ethical debates and animal welfare legislation. However, there may be …

Behavioral flexibility is critical to survival. Animals must adapt their behavioral responses
based on changes in the environmental context, internal state, or experience. Studies in …

Suppressing sensory arousal is critical for sleep, with deeper sleep requiring stronger
sensory suppression. The mechanisms that enable sleeping animals to largely ignore their …

Originally a genetic model organism, the experimental use of Drosophila melanogaster has
grown to include quantitative behavioral analyses, sophisticated perturbations of neuronal …

Drosophila's dorsal clock neurons (DNs) consist of four clusters (DN 1a s, DN 1p s, DN 2 s,
and DN 3 s) that largely differ in size. While the DN 1a s and the DN 2 s encompass only two …

Many neurons show compartmentalized activity, in which activity does not spread readily
across the cell, allowing input and output to occur locally. However, the functional …

Simple Summary Insect behaviors are a great indicator of evolution and provide useful
information about the complexity of organisms. The realistic sensory scene of an …

Behavioral flexibility for appropriate action selection is an advantage when animals are
faced with decisions that will determine their survival or death. In order to arrive at the right …

Ant physiology has been fashioned by 100 million years of social evolution. Ants perform
many sophisticated social and collective behaviors yet possess nervous systems similar in …

Neural implementations of visual behaviors in Drosophila have been dissected intensively
in the past couple of decades. The availability of premiere genetic toolkits, behavioral …