In this first paper in a series of four papers on midwifery, we aimed to examine,
comprehensively and systematically, the contribution midwifery can make to the quality of …

Background Many women would like to avoid pharmacological or invasive methods of pain
management in labour, and this may contribute towards the popularity of complementary …

Background Variations in intervention rates, without subsequent reductions in adverse
outcomes, can indicate overuse. We studied variations in and associations between …

This up-to-date, comprehensive and consolidated guideline on essential intrapartum care
brings together new and existing WHO recommendations that, when delivered as a …

Objective To describe the trends of severe perineal tears in E ngland and to investigate to
what extent the changes in related risk factors could explain the observed trends. Design A …

Background Our aim was to describe the range of perineal trauma in women with a
singleton vaginal birth and estimate the effect of maternal and obstetric characteristics on the …

Objective To review the evidence relating to obstetrical anal sphincter injuries (OASIS) with
respect to diagnosis, repair techniques and outcomes. To formulate recommendations as to …

NEW! Enhanced focus on prioritization of care in clinical reasoning case studies and nursing
care plans is consistent with NCLEX® updates. NEW! Recognition of the importance of …

Introduction and hypothesis First vaginal delivery severely interferes with pelvic floor
anatomy and function. This study determines maternal and pregnancy-related risk factors for …

Objectives Water immersion during labour using a birth pool to achieve relaxation and pain
relief during the first and possibly part of the second stage of labour is an increasingly …