Opioids are considered the gold standard to manage acute or chronic or mild to severe pain.
Tramadol is a widely prescribed analgesic drug for dogs and cats; it has a synthetic partial …

Animal sentience refers to the capacity of animals to feel both positive and negative
emotions including that of pain. As veterinary health professionals, we have a medical and …

Practical relevance: Increases in cat ownership worldwide mean more cats are requiring
veterinary care. Illness, trauma and surgery can result in acute pain, and effective …

Pain affects feline health and welfare. As the fourth vital sign, it must always be assessed in
every physical examination. Knowledge of feline pain management has grown greatly. The …

Abstract TNF-α-inducible protein 8-like 2 (TIPE2) is a recently discovered regulator of
inflammation that can maintain immune homeostasis, exerting a significant role in the …

Pain is one of the most common symptoms encountered in the medical practice. None of the
management procedures used currently offer a complete relief for patients suffering from …

A fully updated new edition of the only text solely focused on anesthesia of dogs and cats
with co-existing disease The revised Second Edition of Canine and Feline Anesthesia and …

The negative effects of pain are a constant concern in the surgical management of animals,
leading to the search for new drugs or more effective analgesic protocols to control this …

Pain management is a primary focus and an integral part of every veterinary rehabilitation
practice. Evidence-based pain management protocols will use both pharmacologic and …

Aristolochia odoratissima L. is employed for the treatment of pain and as an antidote against
the poison of venomous animals in traditional medicine. However, reports have not been …