Acute kidney injury (AKI) is the leading cause of nephrology consultation and is associated
with high mortality rates. The primary causes of AKI include ischemia, hypoxia or …

It is estimated that over 10% of the adult population in developed countries have some
degree of chronic kidney disease (CKD). CKD is a progressive and irreversible deterioration …

Multipotent mesenchymal stem or stromal cells (MSC) have shown to improve outcome of
acute renal injury models, but whether MSC can delay renal failure in chronic kidney …

Acute kidney injury is associated with alterations in vascular tone that contribute to an
overall reduction in GFR. Studies in animal models indicate that ischemia triggers alterations …

The most commonly used therapeutic targets in nephrology are the reduction of injury, the
delay of progression, or renal replacement therapy. Many animal and human studies …

Microvesicles (MVs) are released by almost all cells in resting and activated conditions. First
described several years ago, it is only recently that their mechanisms of action are being …

The cellular and molecular tools of modern science have provided critical new insights into
the roles of apoptosis, oxidant and iron-mediated injury, endothelial changes, regeneration …

The end point of immune and nonimmune renal injury typically involves glomerular and
tubulointerstitial fibrosis. Although numerous studies have focused on the events that lead to …

The metanephric kidney is a mesodermal organ that develops as a result of reciprocal
interactions between the ureteric bud and the blastema. The generation of embryonic stem …

As discussed in far more detail in the article by Bellomo elsewhere in this issue, acute renal
failure (ARF) is the generic term for an abrupt and sustained decrease in renal function …