The nucleus accumbens is a major input structure of the basal ganglia and integrates
information from cortical and limbic structures to mediate goal-directed behaviors. Chronic …

Sex/gender effects have been demonstrated for multiple aspects of addiction, with one of the
most commonly cited examples being the “telescoping effect” where women meet criteria …

Animal behavior was classically considered to be determined exclusively by neuronal
activity, whereas surrounding glial cells such as astrocytes played only supportive roles …

Addiction is characterized as a chronic relapsing disorder whereby addicted individuals
persistently engage in drug seeking and use despite profound negative consequences. The …

Reducing the enduring vulnerability to relapse is a therapeutic goal in treating drug
addiction. Studies with animal models of drug addiction show a marked increase in …

The development of new treatments for substance use disorders requires identification of
targetable molecular mechanisms. Pathology in glutamatergic neurotransmission system in …

Neuronal activity drives alterations in gene expression within neurons, yet how it directs
transcriptional and epigenomic changes in neighboring astrocytes in functioning circuits is …

Alteration of glutamatergic-neurotransmission is a hallmark of alcohol dependence. We
have previously reported that chronic ethanol-drinking downregulated glutamate transporter …

Environmental stimuli are powerful mediators of craving and relapse in substance‐abuse
disorders. This review examined how animal models have been used to investigate the …

Ceftriaxone is a beta-lactam antibiotic that increases the expression of the major glutamate
transporter, GLT-1. As such, ceftriaxone ameliorates symptoms across multiple rodent …