Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) promotes neuroprotection and neuroregeneration.
In animal models of Parkinson's disease (PD), BDNF enhances the survival of dopaminergic …

Given the acknowledged lack of success in Alzheimer's disease (AD) drug development
over the past two decades, the objective of this review was to derive key insights from the …

Currently, there is no disease-modifying treatment available for Alzheimer's and Parkinson's
disease (AD and PD) and that includes the highly controversial approval of the Aβ-targeting …

It is well known that brain-derived neurotrophic factor, BDNF, has an important role in a
variety of neuronal aspects, such as differentiation, maturation, and synaptic function in the …

Scope Age‐related degeneration is associated with imbalances of gut microbiota and its
related immune system, thus gut microbiota dysbiosis is considered to be a key target to …

It has been known for decades that degeneration of the locus coeruleus (LC), the major
noradrenergic nucleus in the brain, occurs in both Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's …

Oxidative stress (OS) plays a critical role in the pathophysiology of several brain-related
disorders, including neurodegenerative diseases and ischemic stroke, which are the major …

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are promising seed cells for neural regeneration therapy
owing to their plasticity and accessibility. They possess several inherent characteristics …

Renin angiotensin system (RAS) is an endocrine system widely known for its physiological
roles in electrolyte homeostasis, body fluid volume regulation and cardiovascular control in …

Alzheimer disease (AD) is the first progressive neurodegenerative disease worldwide, and
the disease is characterized by an accumulation of amyloid in the brain and …