This article summarizes anatomical, neurophysiological, pharmacological, and brain
imaging studies in humans and animals that have provided insights into the neural circuitry …

Purpose Interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome (IC/PBS) is a chronic pain syndrome
and a chronic inflammatory condition prevalent in women that leads to urgency, sleep …

Background Bladder outlet obstruction is a common urological condition. We aimed to
summarize available evidences about bladder outlet obstruction-induced molecular and …

OBJECTIVES: The functions of the lower urinary tract (LUT) to store and periodically release
urine are dependent on neural circuits in the brain and spinal cord. This paper reviews the …

The afferent innervation of the urinary bladder consists primarily of small myelinated (Aδ)
and unmyelinated (C-fiber) axons that respond to chemical and mechanical stimuli …

Functions of the lower urinary tract to store and periodically eliminate urine are regulated by
a complex neural control system in the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral autonomic ganglia …

▪ Abstract Nociceptors are the first cells in the series of neurons that lead to the sensation of
pain. The essential functions of nociceptors—transducing noxious stimuli into …

Background The PDE5 inhibitor tadalafil is investigation for the treatment of lower urinary
tract symptoms (LUTS) in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Several clinical …

Objective Locomotor training (LT) as a therapeutic intervention following spinal cord injury
(SCI) is an effective rehabilitation strategy for improving motor outcomes, but its impact on …

Storage symptoms such as urgency, frequency, and nocturia, with or without urge
incontinence, are characterized as overactive bladder (OAB). OAB can lead to urge …