Autophagosomes are double-membrane vesicles newly formed during autophagy to engulf
a wide range of intracellular material and transport this autophagic cargo to lysosomes (or …

Autophagy is a highly conserved catabolic process induced under various conditions of
cellular stress, which prevents cell damage and promotes survival in the event of energy or …

Cellular versatility depends on accurate trafficking of diverse proteins to their organellar
destinations. For the secretory pathway (followed by approximately 30% of all proteins), the …

A key event in autophagy is autophagosome formation, whereby the newly synthesized
isolation membrane (IM) expands to form a complete autophagosome using endomembrane …

Autophagosome biogenesis involves de novo formation of a membrane that elongates to
sequester cytoplasmic cargo and closes to form a double-membrane vesicle (an …

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the largest organelle in cells and has fundamental
functions, such as folding, processing, and trafficking of proteins, cellular metabolism, and …

An enigmatic step in de novo formation of the autophagosome membrane compartment is
the expansion of the precursor membrane phagophore, which requires the acquisition of …

Autophagosome biogenesis is a dynamic membrane event, which is executed by the
sequential function of autophagy-related (ATG) proteins. Upon autophagy induction, a cup …

Autolysosomes contain components from autophagosomes and lysosomes. The contents
inside the autolysosomal lumen are degraded during autophagy, while the fate of …

In 2008, we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy.
Since then, this topic has received increasing attention, and many scientists have entered …