For the last two decades, pathogenic concepts in Parkinson disease (PD) have revolved
around the toxicity and spread of α-synuclein. Thus, α-synuclein would follow caudo-rostral …

Noradrenergic and cholinergic systems are among the most vulnerable brain systems in
neuropsychiatric diseases of ageing, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease …

The limbic system describes a complex of brain structures central for memory, learning, as
well as goal directed and emotional behavior. In addition to pathological studies, recent …

Cognitive decline in Parkinson's disease is related to cholinergic system degeneration,
which can be assessed in vivo using structural MRI markers of basal forebrain volume and …

Cognitive impairment is one of the most salient non-motor symptoms of Parkinson disease
(PD) that poses a significant burden on the patients and carers as well as being a risk factor …

Cognitive impairment (CI) is a characteristic non-motor feature of Parkinson disease (PD)
that poses a severe burden on the patients and caregivers, yet relatively little is known about …

Objectives Structural imaging of the cholinergic basal forebrain may provide a biomarker for
cholinergic system integrity that can be used in motor and non‐motor outcome studies in …

Background Blood homocysteine appears to be increased in Parkinson's disease (PD) and
may play a role in the development and progression of this disorder. However, the specific …

Dysfunction and degeneration of CNS cholinergic systems is a significant component of
multi-system pathology in Parkinson's disease (PD). We review the basic architecture of …

Most individuals with Parkinson's disease experience cognitive decline. Mounting evidence
suggests this is partially caused by cholinergic denervation due to α-synuclein pathology in …