The field of cAMP signaling is witnessing exciting developments with the recognition that
cAMP is compartmentalized and that spatial regulation of cAMP is critical for faithful signal …

Since the early 1980s, phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) has been an attractive target for the
treatment of inflammation-based diseases. Several scientific advancements, by both …

Background Apremilast works intracellularly to regulate inflammatory mediators. Objective
ESTEEM 1 evaluated efficacy/safety of apremilast at 30 mg twice a day for moderate to …

Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is a chronic, systemic inflammatory disease. Up to 40% of patients
with psoriasis will go on to develop PsA, usually within 5–10 years of cutaneous disease …

Discerning which mediators drive pathogenesis in chronic inflammatory diseases can be
complex: immune cells can release various pathogenic cytokines, and numerous cytokines …

Resveratrol is mainly found in grapes and red wine, also in some plants and fruits, such as
peanuts, cranberries, pistachios, blueberries and bilberries. Moreover, nowadays this …

Psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis are common clinical conditions that negatively impact health-
related quality of life and are linked to serious medical comorbidities. Disease mechanisms …

Apremilast, an oral small molecule inhibitor of phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4), is in
development for chronic inflammatory disorders, and has shown efficacy in psoriasis …

Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (PDEs) that specifically inactivate the intracellular
messengers cAMP and cGMP in a compartmentalized manner represent an important …

Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (PDEs) are enzymes that have the unique function of
terminating cyclic nucleotide signaling by catalyzing the hydrolysis of cAMP and GMP. They …