Inflammatory arthritis, primarily including rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis and ankylosing
spondylitis, is a group of chronic inflammatory diseases, whose general feature is joint …

Deer antler is widely used as a nutraceutical in Asian countries. In the past decades, deer
antler peptides (DAPs) have received considerable attention because of their various …

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease that causes joint deformity and
disability. Deer velvet antler (DA), a traditional Chinese medicine, has been used to treat …

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most prevalent joint disease, characterized by the degradation of
articular cartilage, synovial inflammation, and changes in periarticular and subchondral …

Chronic skin ulcers are a primary global health problem. Velvet antler polypeptide (VAP)
regulates endothelial cell migration and angiogenic sprout. Adipose-derived stem cells …

Deer antler velvet, with kidney tonifying, promoting the production of essence and blood,
strengthening tendons and bones, not only has a thousand-year medicinal history but also …

Background Lumbar facet joint osteoarthritis (LFJ OA) is a common disease, and there is still
a lack of effective disease-modifying therapies. Our aim was to determine the therapeutic …

Intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) is an age-related degenerative disease that is the
main cause of low back pain. It seriously affects the quality of life of patients and places a …

Background. Colla Cornus Cervi (CCC) has been used as a traditional Chinese medicine in
the treatment of osteoporosis and osteonecrosis of the femoral head. However, the …

Background Acupuncture is a 3000-year-old therapy in which small gauge needles are
placed at specific locations, or acupoints, in the body for a therapeutic effect. Acupoints …