The mucus clearance system is the dominant mechanical host defense system of the human
lung. Mucus is cleared from the lung by cilia and airflow, including both two-phase gas-liquid …

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a significant cause of morbidity and
mortality worldwide, and its prevalence is increasing. Airway inflammation is a consistent …

The Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) has published the
complete 2023 GOLD report, which can be freely downloaded from its web page (www …

The diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) currently requires the
demonstration of poorly reversible airflow limitation, defined as a post-bronchodilator …

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a devastating lung disease with a high
personal and societal burden. Exposure to toxic particles and gases, including cigarette …

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the end result of a series of dynamic and
cumulative gene–environment interactions over a lifetime. The evolving understanding of …

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common respiratory disorder with
significant morbidity and mortality. Despite its prevalence, COPD is underdiagnosed, and …

The natural history of COPD is complex, and the disease is best understood as a syndrome
resulting from numerous interacting factors throughout the life cycle with smoking being the …

Background The observation that patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) can have
higher than normal expiratory flow rates at low lung volumes led to the conclusion that the …

Rationale: Remodeling and loss of distal conducting airways, including preterminal and
terminal bronchioles (pre-TBs/TBs), underlie progressive airflow limitation in chronic …