Inhalation of the bacterium Yersinia pestis results in primary pneumonic plague. Pneumonic
plague is the most severe manifestation of plague, with mortality rates approaching 100% in …

Inhalation of Yersinia pestis bacilli causes pneumonic plague, a rapidly progressing and
exceptionally virulent disease. Extensively antibiotic-resistant Y. pestis strains exist and we …

Abstract Pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs), including Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and RIG-
like helicase (RLH) receptors, are involved in innate immune antiviral responses. Here we …

Activation of the NLRP3-inflammasome contributes to Staphylococcus aureus PVL-
associated diseases, such as necrotizing pneumonia. The Staphylococcus aureus pore …

Mycoplasma pneumoniae causes acute and chronic lung infections in humans, leading to a
variety of pulmonary and extrapulmonary sequelae. Of the airway complications of M …

ABSTRACT “Francisella tularensis subsp. novicida” intranasal infection causes a rapid
pneumonia in mice with mortality at 4 to 6 days with a low dose of bacteria (102 bacteria) …

Subverting the host immune response to inhibit inflammation is a key virulence strategy of
Yersinia pestis. The inflammatory cascade is tightly controlled via the sequential action of …

Yersinia pestis is one of the world's most virulent human pathogens. Inhalation of this Gram‐
negative bacterium causes pneumonic plague, a rapidly progressing and usually fatal …

Mycoplasma pneumoniae produces an ADP-ribosylating and vacuolating toxin known as
the CARDS (C ommunity A cquired R espiratory D istress S yndrome) toxin that has been …

Enterobacteriaceae are a large family of Gram-negative, non-spore-forming bacteria.
Although many species exist as part of the natural flora of animals including humans, some …