An ageing population is a typical feature of many developed countries across the world.
Analyzed from a biomedical and philosophical point of view, this phenomenon is also a …

Cancer causes a major health concern worldwide due to high incidence and mortality rates.
To accomplish this purpose, the Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science databases were …

Chronic infections can lead to carcinogenesis through inflammation-related mechanisms.
Chronic infection of the human gastric mucosa with Helicobacter pylori is a well-known risk …

An extensive microbiome comprised of bacteria, viruses, bacteriophages, and fungi is now
understood to persist in nearly every human body site, including tissue and blood. The …

Bacteria evolved many strategies to survive and persist within host cells. Secretion of
bacterial effectors enables bacteria not only to enter the host cell but also to manipulate host …

Nerves can support tumor development by secreting neurotransmitters that promote cancer
cell proliferation and invasion. 5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) is a critical neurotransmitter in …

Cancer is a genetic disease characterized by uncontrolled cell growth and metastasis.
Cancer can have a number of causes, such the activation of oncogenes, the inactivation of …

Over the last years, intensive investigations in molecular biology and cell physiology
extended tremendously the knowledge about the association of inflammation and cancer. In …

Epigenetics generally involves genetic control by factors other than our own DNA sequence.
Recent research has focused on delineating the mechanisms of two major epigenetic …

Many types of cancers, including endometrial cancer, were found to have cyclooxygenase-2
(COX-2) overexpression. Because this enzyme belongs to the group of pro-inflammatory …