Mitochondria play a pivotal role in bioenergetics and respiratory functions, which are
essential for the numerous biochemical processes underpinning cell viability. Mitochondrial …

Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) has been regarded as an infective-inflammatory
disease, which affects mainly lungs. More recently, a multi-organ involvement has been …

Vitamin C has been known for decades. It is common in everyday use as an element of the
diet, supplementation, and a preservative. For years, research has been conducted to …

Energy demand of neurons in brain that is covered by glucose supply from the blood is
ensured by glucose transporters in capillaries and brain cells. In brain, the facilitative …

Mitochondria in aerobic eukaryotic cells are both the site of energy production and the
formation of harmful species, such as radicals and other reactive oxygen species, known as …

The contractile activity, high oxygen consumption and metabolic rate of skeletal muscle
cause it to continuously produce moderate levels of oxidant species, such as reactive …

Over the past decades, peroxisomes have emerged as key regulators in overall cellular lipid
and reactive oxygen species metabolism. In mammals, these organelles have also been …

Glucose and fatty acids are the major sources of energy for human body. Cholesterol, the
most abundant sterol in mammals, is a key component of cell membranes although it does …

Glucose transporters (GLUTs) at the blood-brain barrier maintain the continuous high
glucose and energy demands of the brain. They also act as therapeutic targets and provide …

Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and detoxification are tightly
balanced. Shifting this balance enables ROS to activate intracellular signaling and/or induce …