This is an extended version of my Nobel Lecture, delivered on December 8, 2021. I will
recall the genesis of the concept of multiple equilibria in natural sciences. I will then describe …

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most frequent liver cancer with high lethality and low
five-year survival rates leading to a substantial worldwide burden for healthcare systems …

In countries around the world, exposure to environmental pollutants commonly is unequal
across communities, leading to disparities in harm to human health. Often those facing the …

The p21CDKN1A protein is an important player in the maintenance of genome stability
through its function as a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, leading to cell-cycle arrest after …

Living organisms are constantly exposed to DNA damage, and optimal repair is therefore
crucial. A characteristic hallmark of the response is the formation of sub-compartments …

The tumour suppressor p53 is activated following genotoxic stress and regulates the
expression of target genes involved in the DNA damage response (DDR). The discovery that …

Ubiquitous to normal female human somatic cells, X-chromosome inactivation (XCI) tightly
regulates the transcriptional silencing of a single X chromosome from each pair. Some …

Simple Summary Acquired resistance to chemoradiotherapy is the common cause of
relapse in cancer treatments. Although chemoradiotherapy often produces promising results …

Aberrant DNA damage response (DDR) axis remains the major molecular mechanism for
tumor radio-resistance. We recently characterized liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) as …

Replication stress (RS) is a characteristic state of cancer cells as they tend to exchange
precision of replication for fast proliferation and increased genomic instability. To overcome …