Macrophages/microglia are immune system defense and homeostatic cells that develop
from bone marrow progenitor cells. According to the different phenotypes and immune …

Research has shown that the therapeutic effect of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is
partially due to its secreted factors as opposed to the implantation of the cells into the treated …

Background Optic-nerve injury results in impaired transmission of visual signals to central
targets and leads to the death of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and irreversible vision loss …

Wound healing is a dynamic process that involves a series of molecular and cellular events
aimed at replacing devitalized and missing cellular components and/or tissue layers …

Retinal degenerative disease (RDD) refers to a group of diseases with retinal degeneration
that cause vision loss and affect people's daily lives. Various therapies have been proposed …

Degenerative retinal disease is one of the major causes of vision loss around the world. The
past several decades have witnessed emerging development of stem cell treatment for …

Co-culture is an important technique to study specific biological problems, and has been
widely applied recent years in the field of nervous system diseases which are characterized …