Abstract The Rho GTPases—RHOA, RAC1 and CDC42—are small GTP binding proteins
that regulate basic biological processes such as cell locomotion, cell division and …

In their natural habitats, unicellular fungal microbes are exposed to a myriad of mechanical
cues such as shear forces from fluid flow, osmotic changes, and contact forces arising from …

One of the major challenges in modern biology is to understand how the molecular
components of a living cell operate in a highly noisy environment. What are the specific …

Candida albicans is a human commensal fungus that is able to assume several
morphologies, including yeast, hyphal, and pseudohyphal. Under a range of conditions, C …

Root hairs are tubular protrusions of the root epidermis that significantly enlarge the
exploitable soil volume in the rhizosphere. Trichoblasts, the cell type responsible for root …

Division of amoebas, fungi, and animal cells into two daughter cells at the end of the cell
cycle depends on a common set of ancient proteins, principally actin filaments and myosin-II …

Multicellular development requires coordinated cell polarization relative to body axes, and
translation to oriented cell division,–. In plants, it is unknown how cell polarities are …

Polar subcellular localization of the PIN exporters of the phytohormone auxin is a key
determinant of directional, intercellular auxin transport and thus a central topic of both plant …

The plasma membrane (PM) performs a plethora of physiological processes, the
coordination of which requires spatial and temporal organization into specialized domains of …

How can a self-organized cellular function evolve, adapt to perturbations, and acquire new
sub-functions? To make progress in answering these basic questions of evolutionary cell …